The evolution of the influenza virus

Paper details:

A very brief history of the influenza A virus. How influenza A virus has evolved. Evolution, using the Influenza virus as a model. How hosts, both animal and human, have shaped the influenza virus in structure and arrangement of surface proteins HA and NA, the M2 proton channel, and the 8 segmented genome. How the immune systems of hosts have acted as a selection pressure for the virus. Be creative, but it basically needs to be about how evolution by way of natural selection has made the influenza virus what it is today. Write an 8 to 10 page paper (not counting title page, abstract, figures, or reference pages) researching a topic approved by your instructor. Use double spacing, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, and 1 inch margins all around. All figures and tables should be included in the text as close to the point of reference as possible. (Your paper should have some figures and tables.) The last page of your document should be a “References Cited” page. Your paper must conform to the guidelines and instructions found in Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences, 5th Edition (writing guide), particularly chapters 4-6. Use the CSE Name-Year conventions to cite references. IMPORTANT: Cite your references each time you use them in the text. This may be done once per paragraph if no information from a second source separates the information from the first source. You are encouraged to include figures and/or tables that may help elucidate your points (a minimum of 2 are required). Follow the guidelines in Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences. The complete citation giving the original source of the figure or table must appear with the item itself. Number tables separately from figures. Use your textbook as an example of how to number and describe each table or figure. Include a title page with the title, your name, and the date. Following the title page, insert an abstract page with a brief, 300 word (or less) abstract of the paper. This abstract should be a complete description of the paper—that is, it must describe your thesis or research question, its relevance to evolutionary biology, a summary of the evidence, and any conclusions. Do not merely state that the paper “is about” something. Rather, describe the thesis or research question and the evidence that is used to support it. Number all pages consecutively. The title page is Page 1, but do not start numbering until Page 2. The Conclusions section should include multiple paragraphs. In the Conclusions section there should be a discussion of the application of the topic, links to the broader topics and issues, a description of what future research is needed, and a critical analysis of the current information that you have described in your paper. The final paragraph of the conclusion section will serve to wrap up the paper with no new information presented. Sources The information presented in your paper should come directly from primary literature sources. Primary literature includes all original research as published in peer-reviewed journals, scientific collections, and original books written by authorities in their field. Information from web pages is generally not appropriate except for electronic copies of peer-reviewed journal articles. You may not use more than one direct quote in your paper. Direct quotes are rarely appropriate. The purpose of this paper is to have you assimilate the information you’ve read and demonstrate that you understand the material by organizing it and putting it into your own words, complete with any clarifying information which may be needed to help your reader understand. You need at least 10 primary literature sources (defined above). Please note that neither Science News nor website URLs can be used as direct sources of information for your paper, and should not appear in your references cited page. Information obtained from the web should not be used as a main reference in support of your thesis or research question. The web may be useful, however, in directing you to legitimate preferred journals or books.