Essential of Environmental Health”, by Robert H. Fries

Using the book Essential of Environmental Health”, by Robert H. Fries (please find a free PDF online) and some google searches, please briefly answer the questions below in simple language. 1. Introduction to environmental health field, definitions, terminology and concepts, historical background of environmental health 2. Definition of environmental epidemiology, major historical events in environmental epidemiology, example of epidemiologic tools used in environmental health, study design of environmental epidemiology 3. Define the term of toxicology, state five factors that affect responses to a toxic chemical, discuss the steps involved in risk assessment, describe methods for human exposure assessment 4. Describe key environmental health regulatory agencies, state four principles that guide environmental policy development, discuss five major environmental laws, describe environmental policies designed to protect vulnerable groups, the steps in the policy-making process 5. Discuss the impact of human environmental change on emerging infectious diseases in animals and man, 6. find how a disease may be transmitted from an animal reservoir to humans, define what is meant by a vector-borne disease and a zoonotic disease, list three human diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors and three caused by zoonoses, discuss methods used to control vector-borne and zoonotic disease 7. Name five heavy metals that pose health hazards to humans, state mechanisms for exposure of humans to toxic metals, distinguish between essential and toxic levels of trace metals, list common substances 8. Name most commonly used organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides and discuss the health effects of exposure to these pesticides 9. State the difference between ionizing and nonionizing radiation, describe sources and types of between ionizing and nonionizing radiation, discuss health effect of exposure to ionizing and nonionizing radiation 10. List hazardous substances that may be found in drinking water, describe how water is made safe for human consumption, discuss hazards to the aquatic environment (oceans, lakes, rivers) associated with environmental pollution 11. List health effects associated with air pollution, describe potential hazards linked to indoor air, enumerate the typical components of urban ambient air pollution 12. Explain the significance of foodborne illness for the world’s population, list five categories of contaminants in the food supply, describe one major regulation for protecting the safety of food from carcinogens 13. Discuss methods for source reduction of solid waste, Discuss the role of landfills for disposing of solid waste, Describe methods for primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment, Discuss hazards of poorly designed solid waste disposal sites and improperly processed sewage 14. Discuss historical contributors to occupational health 15. Agencies responsible for protecting workers Occupational diseases 16. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 17. Hierarchy of control and recording of illness and injury