Introduction Draft For US history since 1945

Submit a COMPLETE introduction for this research paper as per the requirements specified in our class announcement instructions (three paragraphs minimum/five paragraphs maximum). The introduction in many ways is THE MOST important segment of any piece of writing. In a world where no one is required to care what you say or listen to what you have to say, it is in your introduction that you MUST convince your reader of a few basic and crucial things. Number one, you must convince your reader that you are COMPETENT and the only way you can achieve that goal is through your writing. That is why IT IS A NECESSITY that you make ABSOLUTELY sure that what you have written in your first few sentences particularly is both coherently phrased and grammatically correct (the rest too but without ANY doubt in the first few sentences). A basic or careless error here will lose your reader’s confidence in you as a person worth listening to immediately and consequently I will grade harshly any of these type of errors I find in the first few sentences. Of course just convincing your reader not to dismiss you immediately as incompetent is just a preliminary, something largely expected and taken for granted (like bathing or wearing clean clothes). You still MUST ENGAGE your reader and at the same time convince your reader that what you will be talking about and analyzing in this research paper is both important and significant in someway. Showing that it is interesting helps too. After all, history is ‘story’, a narrative, and frequently it is by its nature dramatic. Don’t be afraid to use drama, excitement, or even shock to engage your reader. All this MUST be accomplished in your FIRST paragraph. By the end of this FIRST paragraph you MUST have your RESEARCH QUESTION(S) CLEARLY STATED for your reader, along with an explanation that answering this research question(s) will be your paper’s PRIMARY purpose and goal. Your complete introduction here will have NO FEWER THAN three paragraphs and NO MORE THAN FIVE TOTAL. Once you’ve established your competence and engaged your reader with both your general topic as well as specific research question, you then must then educate them on the BASIC AND ELEMENTARY HISTORY related to this topic and question. Your second paragraph is where you will do this and in this part of the research your will demonstrate your basic research skills by presenting this history in your own words. You want to show clearly that you both know and understand this basic history by explaining it effectively: you do no need citations for historical facts, dates, details, etc, and you should not present any quotes. The ONLY details you want to include here are the essential who, what, where’s and when’s of this topic so that they can understand the controversial issues surrounding your research question which various historians will disagree over. In preparing to put together this paragraph spend some time just jotting down what these crucial events, places, people, or things are. Then go over each one and ask yourself these simple questions: can I understand this historical event without this item? Is this detail crucial to understanding any of my historian’s answers to my research question? If the answer to these questions is no, then leave it out. Once you’ve whittled away your history background to its bare and essential elements, then just experiment with how these pieces best fit together in this brief historical narrative you want to provide for your reader. Developing these crucial skills of concision, clarity, and economy of style and words is the MOST distinguishing trademark of a good writer, not using fancy language or complex sentence structure. They will also be skills that will serve you well in your life as you continue to work and develop them. There are some topics and related research questions, though, that are by their very nature complex, such that explaining the relevant background history and details cannot be done in one paragraph and will require more. You can expand this portion of your introduction for two ADDITIONAL paragraphs, for a maximum total of three, if needed. That said, I have not come across a topic and question that needs more than three so that will be the limit for this relatively short research paper. Once you’ve demonstrated your competence, engaged your reader, established your research question and the general purpose of this paper, and explained the necessary history and details, then you will in your FINAL paragraph for this introduction merely EXPLAIN TO YOUR READER YOUR SPECIFIC PROCESS FOR ANSWERING THIS QUESTION. And by so doing you will, as well, demonstrate you knowledge and understand of what research is in general, how research questions are answered, what kinds of different research sources there are and how they are used differently. Remember the purpose of a research paper is to present your research to some one who knows nothing about it, so it is essential that you properly set up and explain the material that will make up the body and conclusion of your paper. In properly setting up and explaining the research material you will also be demonstrating you basic command of the process of research itself, i.e. what this class is all about. In your final introductory paragraph, therefore, you will simply explain to your reader what exactly you will be doing in this paper to answer your question: that you will rely for the most part on secondary sources in order to see what answers historians have come up with to your research question through their in-depth research. You will also explain that you have DELIBERATELY chosen these FOUR secondary sources not only because they were written by capable and legitimate historians but MOST IMPORTANTLY you have chosen these four to PROVIDE A BROAD RANGE OF ANSWERS TO YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION. Introducing this basic material clearly, concisely, and in a well organized manner will let your reader know that, you understand how to approach and research secondary sources. You will then explain how then you, yourself, will also investigate this question, just as your main historians have done, that you will be examining or testing their answers by researching and analyzing your own primary sources that you have specifically chosen because they can shed light on the specific historical arguments you’ve researched in your secondary source, as well as shed light on the RQ in general. You will explain to your reader that you will do this through your own research analysis, by examining the documentary evidence or primary sources connected to this topic and question, and that you will present TWO primary sources to see what light they can shed on your research question and, specifically, to see if they support or refute any of the arguments and answers provided by your secondary source historians. Finally, you will explain to your reader how at the end of this paper you will offer your OWN CONCLUSIONS as to what you think the correct answer or answers to your research question are and why. Your conclusion will be the ONLY place where you will offer your own conclusions or opinions. I do not expect or want to hear your opinion anywhere else. Also, this introduction, and later your conclusion, are the ONLY places where your reader should EVER see the word ‘I’ (and even there not more than once or twice). Remember, this paper is not primarily about what you think or your opinion (at least that is not what you will largely be judged and graded on), rather it is about the research you’ve done regarding the historians and their interpretation of the evidence and what they say or think based on it, that and your ability to collect, organize, interpret, and present it. Expressing your opinion is not the purpose of a research paper but you will have a chance to do so in the paper’s conclusion but by then it won’t be just an opinion, it will be an informed opinion based on research and evidence. You will also leave room for the reader to make up their own mind as well.

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